Azoospermia is the condition in which no sperm is found in the semen, and it is one of the most difficult forms of male infertility to treat. Especially in cases where TESE (testicular sperm extraction) surgery has been performed but no sperm could be retrieved, alternative treatment methods are considered. One of these emerging options is intratesticular exosome therapy, an innovative and promising approach.
What Are Exosomes?
Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells that enable communication between them. Containing proteins, RNAs, and growth factors, they support cell regeneration and accelerate tissue repair. Thanks to these biological properties, they have the potential to restart or improve sperm production in the treatment of azoospermia. The goal of the therapy is to stimulate precursor cells in the testes to reactivate sperm production or to overcome maturation defects during sperm development. Exosomes can be readily obtained in laboratory settings from stem-cell sources.
How Is Intratesticular Exosome Therapy Performed?
- Exosomes are injected directly into the testicular tissue using a fine needle.
- The procedure is performed entirely under local anesthesia and can be done on an outpatient basis.
Who Is Suitable for Intratesticular Exosome Therapy?
- Patients with azoospermia,
- Men who have undergone micro-TESE but no sperm was found,
- Patients with significantly reduced testicular production capacity.
Advantages of Intratesticular Exosome Therapy
- It may support cell regeneration and revitalize testicular function.
- It offers new hope for patients in whom no sperm was found after TESE.
- By positively affecting the sperm production mechanism, it may help obtain sperm that can be used in assisted reproductive techniques.
Final Notes…
Intratesticular exosome therapy is still an experimental yet promising approach in the treatment of azoospermia. Especially after unsuccessful TESE attempts, it stands out as a potential future option for restarting sperm production or improving maturation.
