Undescended testis (cryptorchidism) is a condition in which the testis fails to descend into the scrotum before birth. It is one of the most common congenital urological problems in children. If left untreated, it can lead to infertility, increased risk of testicular tumors, and hormonal issues later in life. The definitive treatment is orchiopexy surgery.
What is an Undescended Testis?
Normally, the testes descend from the abdomen into the scrotum shortly before birth. If this process is incomplete, the testis may remain in the inguinal canal or inside the abdomen.
What is Orchiopexy Surgery?
Orchiopexy is a surgical procedure in which an undescended testis is located in the abdomen or inguinal region, brought down into the scrotum, and permanently fixed there. The surgery can be performed either through open surgery or laparoscopically.
How is Orchiopexy Surgery Performed?
- The operation is performed under general anesthesia.
- A small incision is made in the skin to access the deep inguinal tissues and locate the testis that is trapped in the inguinal region.
- The testis is freed from surrounding adhesions without damaging its vessels or ducts.
- The testis is then placed into the scrotum and secured to the subcutaneous tissue with special sutures.
- The procedure is usually completed within about 1 hour, and hospital stay is typically outpatient.
Importance of Orchiopexy Surgery
- Preserves testicular function.
- Reduces the risk of infertility.
- Decreases the likelihood of testicular tumor development.
- Contributes to healthy psychological development of the child.
Recovery After Orchiopexy Surgery
- Children are generally discharged the same day.
- Daily activities can usually be resumed within a few days.
- Follow-up includes intermittent examinations, blood tests, and ultrasonography to monitor testicular development.
Final Notes…
Orchiopexy is the gold standard treatment for undescended testes. Performing the surgery between 6–24 months of age is especially critical for preserving testicular function.
